In the mid seventies in Latin America, and after a long period of economic growth, started to show exhaustion signs. The model of substitutive industrialization of imports began to be questioned and at the same time, the economic policies oriented to protect industrial development started to abandon progressively, initiating a drastic liberalization cycle of exchange and opening to international trade.
The imposition of Adjustment Programs and Structural Reform translated in clear drops of the Gross National Product (GNP) per capita in several countries, including Peru, in severe set backs in life levels of medium sectors, at the same time the poverty and indigent levels increased.
The income distribution, regionally very uneven, was emphasized.
Demographic growth slowed down. However, the work force continued growing to annual rates of 3.3%, due to the access of young people born during the previous strong demographic growth, along with the participation of feminine labor force, which passed to constitute a significant component in terms of percentage of growth of the working population between 1980 and 1990. The unemployment in the urban centers turned into a structural phenomenon and informality passed to occupy more each time the working population.
MAIN DESTINATIONS FOR PERUVIANS
According to the Ministry of Foreign Affaires, there are currently approximately 1.8 million Peruvians living abroad. From this number, 55% are in irregular situation. A clear example of the importance of these later is that 65% of the Peruvian immigrants in USA are in this situation. On the other hand, Spain and Italy have turned into important centers of Peruvian population, mainly due to their policy of admitting workers to the health sector.
References:
García,A.(2007).The Peruvian Migration Phenomenon [PDF file]
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